How can wearables benefit public health?

<span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Wearables and mobiles have already been providing substantial amounts of data at the population level. As an example, smartphone apps have been used to track close contacts and to anticipate potential hot-spots for large scale transmission of infectious diseases. "}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":4481,"3":{"1":0},"10":2,"11":4,"15":"Arial"}">Wearables and mobiles have already been providing substantial amounts of data at the population level. As an example, smartphone apps have been used to track close contacts and to anticipate potential hot-spots for large scale transmission of infectious diseases.

Do robotic surgeons operate independently?

<span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Almost all surgical robots are assistive and under the supervision of experienced surgeons, but there are numerous ways that robotic surgeons can help reduce medical errors. "}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":4483,"3":{"1":0},"4":{"1":2,"2":16777215},"10":2,"11":4,"15":"Arial"}">Almost all surgical robots are assistive and under the supervision of experienced surgeons, but there are numerous ways that robotic surgeons can help reduce medical errors.

How do robots help nurses do their jobs in hospitals?

<span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"In certain hospitals there are already medication dispensing robots that retrieve the right medication packages for further delivering. This is a very important topic since it helps to reduce the likelihood of human error when delivering medications and respective doses to patients."}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":4483,"3":{"1":0},"4":{"1":2,"2":16777215},"10":2,"11":4,"15":"Arial"}">In certain hospitals there are already medication dispensing robots that retrieve the right medication packages for further delivering. This is a very important topic since it helps to reduce the likelihood of human error when delivering medications and respective doses to patients.

How are the cybersecurity environment and events today shaping the way technology is developed?

Cybersecurity has moved from being an after-thought in the design process to being an essential part. As an example, medical devices now need to address security as part of the design process and need to consider whether the system will collect, store or transmit patient data and if the device will be integrated into a hospital or clinic IT system. Medical devices must secure data and ensure that they do not provide a backdoor into any integrated system.

Paul Kostek IEEE Senior Member, IEEE Aerospace & Electronics Systems Society, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society

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